Gayathri

 3.3  Transaction Schedules Scheduling is the process of determining the order in which transactions are executed. When multiple transactions run concurrently, scheduling ensures that operations are executed in a way that prevents conflicts or overlaps between them. There are several types of schedules, all of them are depicted in the diagram below: Types of Schedules in DBMS 1. Serial Schedule Schedules in which transactions execute one after another without interleaving., i.e., no transaction starts until a running transaction has ended are called serial schedules. Only one transaction runs at a time. No concurrency issues. Simple and always consistent. Example:  Consider the following schedule involving two transactions T 1  and T 2  . Serial Schedule In the above table R(A) and W(A) denotes that a read and write operation is performed on some data item 'A' respectively, denoting a serial schedule since the transactions perform serially in the order  T 1...